id |
'122027' |
catid |
'101' |
title |
'巴西咖啡豆產區信息 巴西波旁咖啡豆品種外形風味口感特點' |
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'/uploads/allimg/180805/17-1PP5131140a9-lp.jpg' |
keywords |
'認識,巴西,咖啡豆,什麼,日曬,特點,介紹,專業,咖啡,知識' |
description |
'專業咖啡知識交流 更多咖啡豆資訊 請關注咖啡工房(微信公衆號cafe_style ) 認識 巴西咖啡 中南美洲是全球最大咖啡產區,其中巴西是世界最大咖啡產國約佔30%上下,而 巴西咖啡 以波旁,波旁變種卡杜拉、新世界,卡杜拉爲主。 近年的價暴漲,咖啡田轉種玉米' |
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'172' |
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'1' |
author |
'未知' |
status |
'9' |
url |
'/views-122027' |
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inputip |
'' |
inputtime |
'2021-06-20 17:00:14' |
updatetime |
'2018-08-05 13:18:13' |
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'121257' |
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content |
'<div style="font-size: 13.3333px;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">巴西作爲咖啡第一生產大國,其醇厚低酸的風味深受着咖啡愛好者們的喜愛。前街咖啡單上架的巴西產區咖啡豆中除了單一產區的皇后莊園咖啡豆,性價比之王的前街口糧豆系列也加入了巴西。爲了方便愛好者衝煮,在當季掛耳咖啡系列中也能找到<a href="https://www.gafei.com/kafeixiaozhishi/20171111111592.html">巴西咖啡</a>的身影,由此可見巴西作爲一個咖啡產國,在經典咖啡風味中是不可或缺的存在。</span><br />
</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;">
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q53235303.jpg" style="width: 500px;" /></div>
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<a href="https://www.gafei.com/gelunbiya/20171226113982.html" style="font-size: 14px;">巴西咖啡</a><span style="font-size: 14px;">是1729年從法屬圭亞那引進的。誠然,精耕細作和改變處理方法並提高種植的技術含量能在一定程度上改善咖啡的質量,但是,巴西的自然條件卻無論如何不能與出產世界頂級咖啡的一些地區相比,因爲雖然巴西土壤條件較好,而且氣候溼潤,但海拔卻並不高。但是,也有一些世界著名的單品,巴西波旁山度士就是其中之一。巴西波旁山度士並沒有特別出衆的優點,但是也沒有明顯的缺憾,這種咖啡口味溫和而滑潤、酸度低、醇度適中,有淡淡的甜味。這些所有柔和的味道混合在一起,要想將它們一一分辨出來,是對味蕾的考驗,這也是許多波旁山度士迷們愛好這種咖啡的原因。正是因爲他們是如此的溫柔和普通,波旁山度士適合普通程度的烘焙,適合用最大化的方式沖泡,是製作意大利濃縮咖啡和各種花式咖啡的最好原料。</span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>最近的<a href="https://www.gafei.com/kafeixiaozhishi/20171111111592.html">巴西咖啡</a></strong></span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">疫情影響</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">咖啡產量第一的頭銜,可謂是給巴西帶來了可觀的經濟收入,然而在人力需求上也是十分的大,想當初巴西是整個西半球國家中最晚廢除奴隸制度的國家,就是因爲種植採摘咖啡需要大量的人力。現在受新冠病毒疫情的影響,巴西擔憂疫情會隨着咖啡採摘季的到來而嚴重爆發,從而耽誤咖啡出口,所以預計今年的巴西咖啡收成將會延遲。</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">遮陰樹的好處</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">由於全球氣候變暖,未來巴西的咖啡種植區將會大幅減少,同時最新研究證實了,巴西遮陰樹對緩衝溫度升高有一定的幫助,對種植戶來說,無異於是個好的消息。研究表明,在種植區域覆蓋50%的遮陰樹種,可以保留該地區多達75%的生產能力。</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">地理條件</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://m.gafei.com/views-43029">巴西咖啡</a>普遍種植在地勢較平坦的區域,爲了因地制宜,巴西莊園業者數十年前已培育出不需高地與遮蔭的改良阿拉比卡咖啡樹,可栽植於平原或草地上,直接曝曬在豔陽下,不同於傳統較高海拔的遮蔭式栽培法。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://www.gafei.com/kafeixiaozhishi/20171111111592.html">巴西咖啡</a>園的海拔多半隻有幾百米高,甚至平地也照種不誤,這種曝曬式栽植法使得咖啡果子成長較快,風味發展較不完全,而且豆子的密實度也就是所謂的硬度也不如高原豆佳,果酸味明顯較低,風味單調,濱海的里約(Rio)咖啡甚至帶有碘味和鹹味,這種味道被認爲是經過某種微生物作用產生的結果,但即使用同樣的土壤來栽種, 也不一定每年會產生這種風味,大部分的咖啡愛好並不欣賞這樣風味,只有少數中東國家以糖和煮咖啡的習慣,特別適合這種里約咖啡的風味。</span><br />
</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;">
<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q53340E8.png" style="width: 500px; height: 425px;" /><br />
</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><a href="https://www.gafei.com/baxikafei/20180920124734.html">巴西咖啡</a>的均衡度</strong></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">由於巴西的海拔在中南美各國中,實屬偏低,也欠缺微型氣候,種種條件下,種植出的咖啡豆酸味低但足夠舒柔,堅果味重,具備巧克力的香甜,醇厚也屬佳等。但有些咖啡愛好者會在<a href="https://www.gafei.com/baxikafei/2015102643029.html">巴西咖啡豆</a>的酸上面去挑刺,覺得過於平庸,不夠特色驚豔。其實也顯示了,咖啡文化就是這樣,有褒有貶,一款咖啡豆的成名是經得起表揚跟批評的。</span><br />
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<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q534223Z.png" style="width: 500px; height: 319px;" /><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">巴西產區</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">巴西有21個州,17個州出產咖啡,但其中有7個州的產量最大,加起來佔全國總產量的98%。分別是:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">聖保羅州(Mogiana、Centro-Oeste)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">巴拉那州(Norte Pionerio do Paraná)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">巴伊亞州(Planaltoda Bahia、Cerrado da Bahia、Atlantico Baiano)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">聖埃斯皮裏圖州(Montanhas do Espírito Santo、Conilon Capixaba)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">米納斯吉拉斯州(Sul de Minas、Cerrado Mineiro、 Chapada de Minas、 Matas de Minas)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">朗多尼亞州(Rondônia)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">里約熱內盧州 (Rio de Janeiro)</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong><a href="https://www.gafei.com/baxikafei/2015102643029.html">巴西咖啡</a>品種</strong><br />
波旁種分類:紅波旁、黃波旁、橘波旁、粉波旁、藍波旁<br />
波旁(Bourbon)種咖啡是和鐵皮卡(Typica)種咖啡一樣的老品種,同屬阿拉比卡種咖啡,波旁咖啡最初栽種於留尼汪,當地在1789年前也被稱做波旁島(le Bourbon),故而咖啡品種也被命名爲“波旁(Bourbon)”。</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q534464F.png" style="width: 500px; height: 374px;" /></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">同爲老品種咖啡豆種,與鐵皮卡種咖啡不同的是,波旁種的葉子比鐵皮卡種更寬大,生長比較密集,同時產量比鐵皮卡咖啡要高30%,豆粒較圓短,莓果酸香厚實、奶油與香味明顯、酸香味強,果酸味道明顯,但是同樣的問題就是抗病能力差。紅波旁一般咖啡樹開花結果後,咖啡果實的顏色變化是由:綠色 >轉微黃色 >轉微橙色 >轉成熟的紅色 > 再轉較熟的暗紅色,因此也有人稱「紅波旁種」紅波旁種是1860年左右經由南部的坎皮納斯(Campinas)引入巴西的咖啡樹種,也是一支典型的咖啡樹種。<br />
通俗些講波旁種是一個咖啡樹種屬於阿拉比卡種中的一個分支,一般結紅色的果實,稱爲紅波旁,除此之外還有黃波旁、橙波旁,黃波旁相對來說產量較低,不過品質較好。</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>巴西處理法——半日曬處理</strong></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">半日曬處理法又叫去皮日曬法,與傳統的日曬處理不一樣的是,半日曬是將咖啡漿果的果皮果肉去掉,能控制去皮去肉後帶果膠咖啡豆的發酵程度。而傳統日曬是帶果皮果肉日曬,無法看到果膠的發酵程度。半日曬處理法介於日曬、水洗兩種處理之間的方法,但沒有了水洗處理的“水池發酵、清水沖洗”過程,而是直接拿到陽光下嚗曬。雖然看來方法差不多,但是沒有了發酵的一步,咖啡豆的風味截然不同。</span><br />
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<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q53500463.png" style="width: 500px; height: 291px;" /><br />
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">1.先將咖啡果實放入大水槽內,去掉浮起的果實,然後將下沉的果實放入果肉篩除機內去掉果肉。將未成熟的果實更好地剔除出來,更重要的是讓咖啡豆日曬乾燥時不再是帶着果肉,而僅僅是裹着一層果膠,這樣更有利於控制之後的發酵過程。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">2.將果實去除果皮果肉後可以看到黃色的果膠,將帶着果膠的咖啡果實進行日曬(咖啡豆去除果肉後,會有層粘稠的膠狀物稱爲果膠)。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">3.晾曬到豆子的含水量達到了10.5%-12%後,進行去殼。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">4.最後在豆子裝袋出口前進行拋光打磨工序。</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">半日曬處理法的特點</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">1.適用於商業大量運作(巴西多用此法),半日曬的處理方式相對簡單又易於操作,即可節約用水,又保護環境。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">2.去除咖啡果皮果肉的過程中,熟透的果肉會容易去掉,未成熟的青果果皮不易處理掉,因此可以進行第二次篩選,以過濾未成熟的果實,統一咖啡果實的成熟度。相比日曬方式,挑選後的咖啡果實幹淨度和成熟度會提高,會帶來更均一口感的咖啡。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">3.乾燥的時間會縮短,節省時間成本,增加更多附加價值。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">4.成熟度相對一致,更有利於保存和統一咖啡的生豆品質。</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">半日曬法缺點:</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">1.晾曬過程容易受到污染和黴害。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">2.需要全程嚴密看管,不斷翻動。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">3.加速乾燥,以避免產生不良的發酵味。</span><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><a href="https://www.gafei.com/baxikafei/2015102643029.html">巴西咖啡豆</a>等級</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">1.瑕疵率分級:由高到低No2-No8七個層級,每300g有多少瑕疵豆區分等級,採用扣分制,扣分在4以下可歸爲No2(一顆瑕疵豆都沒有的No1情況少見且無法維持一定的供應量)。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">2.按豆目大小分級:以17目、18目爲最高等級。</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">3.杯測質量分級:由高到低,Fine Cup、Fine、Good Cup、Fair Cup、Poor Cup、Bad Cup。FC(Fine Cup)與GC(Good Cup)較爲常見。</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">4.風味等級分級:由高到低,Strictly Soft非常柔順、Soft柔順、Softish有一點柔順、Hardish不順口、Rioy碘嗆味。<br />
<br />
<strong>前街咖啡巴西代表咖啡豆——巴西皇后莊園咖啡</strong></span><br />
</div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q5353Q27.jpg" style="width: 500px; height: 375px;" /></span><br />
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<div style="font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">國家:巴西<br />
產區:摩吉安娜<br />
海拔:1400—1950m<br />
品種:黃波旁<br />
處理法:半日曬處理</span><br />
</div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">烘焙建議</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">這款豆子含水率較低,質地紮實,這讓豆子的吸熱能力很強,因爲在烘焙時間上的把控要穩,不能過於急促。爲了使其風味表現佳,帶出其香氣,採用中度烘焙。</span><br />
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<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q5355E18.png" style="width: 500px; height: 288px;" /><br />
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">機器:楊家800N,生豆投550g</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">入豆溫:200℃</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">一爆點:9'14",188.9℃</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">一爆後發展1’48”,197.5℃出爐</span></div>
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">杯測報告</span></strong><br />
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<img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q53612220.png" style="width: 500px; height: 306px;" /><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">前街衝煮建議</span></strong></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">濾杯:KONO</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">水溫:88℃</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">粉量:15克</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">粉水比:1:15</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;">研磨度:白砂糖大小(BG#6w)</span><br />
</div>
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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200918/18-20091Q53625126.png" style="width: 500px; height: 393px;" /> </span><br />
</div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">衝煮手法——分段式萃取</span></strong></div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">用30克水進行悶蒸30秒,小水流繞圈注水至125克時進行分段,水位下降即將露出粉牀時繼續注水至225克停止注水,等水位下降即將露出粉牀時移走濾杯,(悶蒸開始計時)萃取時間爲2'00"。</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 13.3333px;">
<strong style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">風味描述:口味中帶有明顯的甜味,附有淡淡的檸檬香氣,含有濃郁的堅果風味,後段表現有明顯的黑巧克力味,整體感受比較圓潤,是一款能代表<a href="https://www.gafei.com/baxikafei/20180605118646.html">巴西咖啡</a>整體特色的咖啡豆,同時又能體現自身獨特的活潑性。</span></strong></div>
<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">
</div>
<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">
<span style="font-size: 14px;">更多精品咖啡豆請加私人微信前街咖啡,微信號:kaixinguoguo0925</span></div>
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